risk of inherited prostate cancer

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Question

I AM 31 years old and will be married in the middle of next year. However, recently, my father was diagnosed with prostate cancer a chronic rather serious level. In fact, he is still undergoing treatment at a private hospital at the moment. My question is, what is my true also at risk of the same disease? Is there any way to avoid it? Can the doctor explains the symptoms of prostate cancer and how treatment?



Answer

Relative risk, relative to prostate cancer is twice as high compared to other men. This is due to prostate cancer have a close genetic relationship. In fact, not only brothers, but brother and my uncle's brother also has the same risk.

Prostate cancer can be detected early by screening blood test PSA (prostate spesific antigen). Because your father is suffering from prostate cancer, you need to undergo PSA testing when reaching the age of 45 years.
For men who do not belong to the high-risk group, they can begin to undergo PSA testing after the age of 50 years and this test must be passed every year.

Normal PSA levels generally less than 4 ng / dl. If someone is found to have a PSA level greater than 4 ng / dl, a urologist will recommend to test trans rectal prostate biopsy (TRUS) is operated. This test is performed through the anus in which the prostate gland tissue will be taken with the help of ultra sound. This test is important to confirm the presence of cancer and stage of prostate cancer.

About the signs of this disease, there is no specific indication for prostate cancer. It's just like a sign of a urinary tract blockage due to an enlarged prostate gland. These include problems such as:

* Slow urinary stream
* Urine is a trickle after urination
* Had to wait long for urine out
* It should be straining to produce urine
* Often the toilet at night.

At a later stage, the patient will experience pain in the bones, especially the spine. Physical examination can also detect prostate cancer.

Through this examination, the doctor will insert a finger into the anus to examine the shape and hardness of the prostate gland. However, if the cancer can be detected with the fingers, most likely it has reached a late stage.

There are various ways to treat prostate cancer. If detected at an early stage, prostatectony radical surgery can be done. This surgery involves the removal of the prostate gland.

Apart from that, the cancer in the early stages can be treated in a way bracytherapy. In this way, radioactive items will be added to the prostate gland and through this treatment, the prostate gland is not removed.

Prostate cancer at a later stage were treated by hormonal manipulation. This is because cancer of the prostate gland hormone testostorone need to spread. Thus, the so-called anti-androgen drugs are given to lower testostorone levels in the body and to control this spread from the prostate gland. This medication is available in tablet or injection form.

Testostorone hormone levels can also be reduced by means of surgery. This surgery involves the removal of both testicles.

reference Bharian ask doctor segmen with Dr Zulkifli

Pap smear prevent cancer

EVERY minute, a woman diagnosed for cervical cancer in the world. Cervical cancer or cervical cancer can cause the entire uterus removed and cause the woman can not be pregnant anymore.

Even the delayed detection can be life-threatening due to the severity of the cancer which is the second highest killer of women in Malaysia after breast cancer!

Cervical cancer can happen to any woman ever have sex even once no matter the age and lifestyle as it is caused by human papillomavirus infection (HPV) during intimate contact.

Ironically, cervical cancer can be prevented with early detection through pap smear but women give a thousand and one excuses to avoid doing the test that could save this life.

Shame among their main reasons. For them, belly and show the private parts in front of the doctor in conscious is something that is very embarrassing.

Some even imagine the doctor inserts act like a spatula tool uterine wall then dig them as something very painful and then choose to submit only the likelihood of developing cervical cancer.

Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist Prince Court Medical Centre, Dr. Paul Tay Yee Siang said Malaysians still lack awareness about the importance of doing a pap smear on the ground such as shame and fear.

"Some feel they are too young to get cancer when it has no regard to age and test it also helps to save lives because it can detect the abnormal tissue or infected with HPV and the potential to become cancerous from the beginning.

"HPV is a virus that is common and after it is detected through pap smear, it can be cured with regular treatments to prevent it getting worse then turn into cancer.

"Many people do not have to do a pap smear and cervical cancer detection later suffered and unfortunately it was too late to save his life," he said.

What is a pap smear Pap smear is also known as the Papanicolaou test created by Dr.. Georgios Papanikolaou (1883-1962).

Some tissue taken from the base of the cervix when the test was done and the tissue is sent to a laboratory to detect the abnormal tissue and potentially become cancerous.

Cervical cells usually do not turn into cancer cells overnight. Normal cells will change, over time, ranging from two to 10 years before becoming a cancer cell.

Pap smear regularly have the opportunity to detect potential cells become cancer cells and early treatment provides opportunities for us to heal.

During the procedure pap smear, the doctor can also detect polyps and infections.

Dr. Bright pap smear procedure. Paul, about five minutes it takes to undergo the test and it is not painful as it is often described only have a little discomfort.

The doctor will insert a speculum which is a device like a duck beak into the uterine route (through the vagina) and then put the brush 'cyto' into it.

Brush 'cyto' small is used to scrape some tissue on the cervix to rotate 360 ​​degrees, and the cells were placed in a special bottle and sent to the laboratory.

"If normal, she may repeat the Pap smear test again in the next one to two years and if not normal, then follow-up testing is required.

"We hope to detect early changes in the level of such lesions because the virus can turn into cancer within 10 years," he said.

He added that up to 80 percent of women infected with HPV will in their lives and it depends on whether the immunity it will remain and get worse or go away so easily.

Who needs a pap smear As described, the woman who had sex should undergo pap smear especially those aged 20 to 65 years every two years.

If the first test result is normal, women can be reduced to three years.

Pap smears should be done routinely because it could happen again in the period as long as there is sex.

An estimated four out of five sexually active women are infected with HPV during their lifetime even if they only have one or two pairs only.

More frightening when often no symptoms or signs of cervical cancer in the early stages of the period also able to treat them.

"Most at risk are those who have very active sex. In most western countries, these tests normal and about the campaign conducted in earnest," he said.

Strictly speaking, a woman in Malaysia to take the initiative to do pap smear as a precautionary measure.

Do not worry because it is relatively simple and it is done by a trained doctor!

source Utusan

Mamogram or ultrasound

STATISTICS show increased cases of breast cancer in women. Incidence of breast cancer sufferers was 1:19 in the country making it the most common cancer among all ethnic groups in the country.

Scan can usually detect cancer in stages 1 and 2 and most likely still be cured.

Radiology Consultants Kelana Jaya Medical Centre, Datin Dr. Fatima Moosa said for stage 1 cancer, nearly 90 percent can be restored.

"According to the standards of the United States (U.S.) women aged over 40 years are recommended mammogram once a year until the age of 50 years for screening every two years.

"After 70 years of age, a mammogram can be performed at any time when needed," he said when met at his office recently.

All women are at risk of getting breast cancer, however, more than 70 percent of cases occur unidentified source.

Dr. Fatima added, usually the risk of getting breast cancer increases with age, but women with a family history of cancer has a high chance of having the disease.

Women who have had cancer are at high risk for attack once again.

Women with lobular carcinoma also often attacked by cancer and those with early menarche and late menopause after the age of 55.

Additionally women who do not have children or give birth after the age of 35 are more prone to breast cancer.

Those who take high-fat diet, alcohol and smoking are also exposed to the risk of breast cancer.

Hence to avoid breast cancer, tests need to be done to detect it.

Usually mammogram is used to detect cancer at an early stage of the recovery potential is higher.

Scan is important because early treatment can be done and usually they are diagnosed with breast cancer have no risk.

Mammograms were only performed on women aged 40 years and above because fat cells have begun to decrease.

If mammograms only for women aged 40 years and above how to diagnose women under the age of 40?

Dr. She said, women under 40 years old is recommended to use ultrasound technique if suspected of having breast cancer.

"However ultrasound scans only certain areas only and depends on skilled operator and only for the target area," he said.

Ultrasound is very sensitive but not specific as mammograms.

"Ultrasound can not scan a breast portion," he said.

However, do not worry about the test because the radiation dose is low and can be done every year.

Thus the message Dr. Fatimah, if there are abnormalities in the breast, do not hesitate to see a doctor though not yet 40 years old.

source Utusan