risk of inherited prostate cancer

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Question

I AM 31 years old and will be married in the middle of next year. However, recently, my father was diagnosed with prostate cancer a chronic rather serious level. In fact, he is still undergoing treatment at a private hospital at the moment. My question is, what is my true also at risk of the same disease? Is there any way to avoid it? Can the doctor explains the symptoms of prostate cancer and how treatment?



Answer

Relative risk, relative to prostate cancer is twice as high compared to other men. This is due to prostate cancer have a close genetic relationship. In fact, not only brothers, but brother and my uncle's brother also has the same risk.

Prostate cancer can be detected early by screening blood test PSA (prostate spesific antigen). Because your father is suffering from prostate cancer, you need to undergo PSA testing when reaching the age of 45 years.
For men who do not belong to the high-risk group, they can begin to undergo PSA testing after the age of 50 years and this test must be passed every year.

Normal PSA levels generally less than 4 ng / dl. If someone is found to have a PSA level greater than 4 ng / dl, a urologist will recommend to test trans rectal prostate biopsy (TRUS) is operated. This test is performed through the anus in which the prostate gland tissue will be taken with the help of ultra sound. This test is important to confirm the presence of cancer and stage of prostate cancer.

About the signs of this disease, there is no specific indication for prostate cancer. It's just like a sign of a urinary tract blockage due to an enlarged prostate gland. These include problems such as:

* Slow urinary stream
* Urine is a trickle after urination
* Had to wait long for urine out
* It should be straining to produce urine
* Often the toilet at night.

At a later stage, the patient will experience pain in the bones, especially the spine. Physical examination can also detect prostate cancer.

Through this examination, the doctor will insert a finger into the anus to examine the shape and hardness of the prostate gland. However, if the cancer can be detected with the fingers, most likely it has reached a late stage.

There are various ways to treat prostate cancer. If detected at an early stage, prostatectony radical surgery can be done. This surgery involves the removal of the prostate gland.

Apart from that, the cancer in the early stages can be treated in a way bracytherapy. In this way, radioactive items will be added to the prostate gland and through this treatment, the prostate gland is not removed.

Prostate cancer at a later stage were treated by hormonal manipulation. This is because cancer of the prostate gland hormone testostorone need to spread. Thus, the so-called anti-androgen drugs are given to lower testostorone levels in the body and to control this spread from the prostate gland. This medication is available in tablet or injection form.

Testostorone hormone levels can also be reduced by means of surgery. This surgery involves the removal of both testicles.

reference Bharian ask doctor segmen with Dr Zulkifli

Simple treatment of diabetes

photo Utusan

Just imagine how your life if lost senses of sight, using a wheelchair due to a stroke or gangrene leg (leg cut) in addition to high-risk heart attack while not yet reached 40 years of age.

That's what awaits diabetes patients due to failing to control the disease, whether through lifestyle changes, not wanting to take medication or take traditional medicine will.

Situation is exacerbated if among them were diagnosed with diabetes from an early age.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic problem that causes the syndrome level high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) whether due to production problems (diabetes first type) or function (sensitivity) of insulin (diabetes or gestational diabetes of the second kind).

Most adults have diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM).

However, many people with T2DM can not control the disease with anti-diabetic drugs, respectively, they run the risk of complications.

Professor of Diabetes Medicine University of Leicester, Professor Melanie Davies told at least 67 percent of people with T2DM risk of deterioration of renal function is high and about 30 percent have experienced deterioration in the United States.

Meanwhile, eight to 10 diabetic patients with renal impairment have a higher risk of serious complications such as hypoglycemia and cardiovascular disease conditions.

"Therefore, patients in dire need of oral anti-diabetic drugs (OAD) that can be trusted with the safety profile and better tolerance of an easy to use regardless of the patient's renal function.

"Most of the OAD is not recommended or require dose adjustment and close monitoring for creating significant barriers to people with T2DM with the deterioration," he said at the launch of the drug (T2DM) newest Trajenta by Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly.

Trajenta is approved as a treatment of diabetes medication dosage strength (five milligrams, once a day) for adult patients. The Drug Control Authority (DCA) under the Ministry of Health has approved Trajenta as recommended in adult patients with T2DM to improve glycemic control together with diet and exercise, as monotherapy single treatment or in addition to metformin, sulfonylureas or metformin and sulfonylureas.

Add Professor Melanie, Trajenta can be taken with a dose for all patients regardless of kidney or liver failure.

"It offers the benefits afforded by DPP-4 inhibitor class with the efficacy and good tolerance and neutral in terms of weight and create a low risk of hypoglycemia and also provides the added advantage of no dose adjustment regardless of the patient's kidney and liver function," he said.

These positive developments are sure to delight people with T2DM, especially in Asia because the spread of diabetes has increased from two to five times in the last two decades compared to 1.5 times in the West.

Furthermore, due to the side effects associated with inappropriate OAD, patients may find it difficult to comply with the recommended treatment. Compliance rates of patients with T2DM is between 65 percent to 85 percent for the OAD and 60 percent to 80 percent for insulin.

"Trajenta provide a variety of benefits that are effective and appropriate for most people with T2DM," said Managing Director of Boehringer Ingelheim Malaysia Sdn. Limited., Cheong YK.

He added that many people with diabetes are often concerned about weight gain or hypoglycemia which reduces compliance with medication.

"Trajenta no effect on weight when used as monotherapy and can be taken at any time, with or without food, providing better control of T2DM without compromising patient care," he added.


reference - Utusan

careful taking the erection medicine

image credit medscape

Question:

I found out from a friend about medication PDE5 inhibitors. I want to ask what is the scientific name of this drug and can I buy it at a pharmacy?
Worried Men
Answer:

PDE5 inhibitors are often used to treat erectile dysfunction penis or erectile dysfunction (ED). These drugs act widen blood vessels to the penis shaft through vasodilation.

When this happens, more blood will be pumped into the shaft of the penis and the penis will become erect.

There are three types of PDE5 inhibitor that is sold in the market, namely:
Sildenafil (Viagra) in the form of 50 mg and 100 mg.

Vardenafil (Levitra) in the form of 20 mg.

Tadalafil (Cialis) in the form of 10mg.

The three types of drugs can be found in the local market. However, before buying the medicine, his need to be checked as well as acquire preskrepsi doctor first. This is important to ensure that relatives can take this drug without any harm.

Relatives are not allowed to take PDE5 Inbitor if at the same time, take an alternative medicine nitrates such as nitroglycerin is often used for heart patients.

You also have to be careful with PDE5 inhibitors medications if taking drugs treat high blood pressure. This is because it can cause complications such as low blood pressure as well as lead to dizziness problem.

All three of these drugs began to take effect after 30 minutes. However, life expectancy in the body of this family of drugs is quite different.

Viagra and Levitra will be in the body for four hours before being excreted. This means brother can get an erection and have sex in that period.

Cialis will be located in the body for 36 hours. Consequently, the intake of each drug is different. The maximum dose for Viagra and Levitra is a piece a day while Cialis piece for two days.

Brother should also discuss with your doctor to identify the most suitable pills taken.

In addition, there are several things to be alert if you want to practice medicine of this kind of PDE5 inhibitors. It would be:

PDE5 inhibitors medications require stimulation and physical stimulation to get an erection. This means that if there is no physical stimulation such as touching, kissing or hugging, relatives may not get an erection even after taking PDE5 inhibitors.

PDE5 inhibitors will not prolong the duration of erection or prolongs intercourse. It just helps get the required hardness to penetration penis.

PDE5 inhibitors may not raise one's desire or libido.

Have to be optimistic when taking PDE5 Inbibitor. If they fail to get an erection with only one dose of PDE5 inhibitors, does not mean that it failed to help you. Should be tried at least four seed before switching to another type.

Viagra and Levitra require intake of fatty foods to help absorption.

PDE5 inhibitors will not help to further stiffen the penis if taken men who do not have ED problems.

There are some side effects that can be experienced in case you take PDE5 inhibitors. However, it is the low percentage (between two and three per cent). Side effects of this medication are mild, namely:

• Muscle pain especially in the back.
• Feel like getting influenza (flu like symptoms), such as a stuffy nose.
• Headaches.
• Warm face (facial flushing).
• Pain in the epigastrium.

refence Bharian

Worried with penetration problems

image credit

question:

DOCTOR, I got married last year. After over a year of marriage, I still have not been blessed with children.

The problem I face is when to have sex, my penis never entered into the vagina until exhausted. Only the head of the inlet only. What is the cause we did not have a child?
Another, I faced cuts in the cover. Why is this happening and what I fix this?



Answer:

ON your problem, I conclude the factors why your penis does not get into the vagina. For his information, the state of a woman's vagina will be wet, expands and extends when it is ready to have a sexual relationship at the same time can receive your shaft with easy entry.
However, the condition is referred to as vaginismus as experienced brothers in which a man can not include a full shaft of the penis into the vagina a couple.

Vaginismus is a condition where a woman's vagina can not accept a man's penis penetrating and can cause pain when penetration occurs. This was due to pubococcygeus muscle contractions occurring reflex or out of control.

These symptoms often occur in young women previously had never experienced penile penetration. There are several factors that can cause this vaginismus. Among them:

Or fungal infections of the bladder and vagina.
Less vaginal moisture problems.
Experience sexually abused or raped.
No experience or knowledge of sexual intercourse.
Fear of getting sick when penetration occurs especially when having sex for the first time.
Not ready for sexual intercourse.

There are several types of treatment that can be given to women who suffer from vaginismus. This depends on whether arising from physiological or psychological effects. A woman who is experiencing this problem should consult a gynecologist or psychiatrist to get appropriate treatment.

Available treatments include sensate focus treatment and desensitization treatment with vaginal dilators. The process of 'dilatation' requires a woman purporting to insert the penis into the vagina sticks and objects used be enlarged in size gradually. Sexual counseling can also be given to women who lack knowledge in sex.

I hope this explanation will help solve the problem of penetration if his brother's wife vaginismus problem. Before that, my wife can try to stimulate greater focus on foreplay.

Keep right up his wife ready for penetration. Also make sure he felt comfortable during sexual intercourse.

If vaginal dryness problems, his need to use a lubricant gel available in the market such as KY Jelly. Brother also spoke of the wound in the skin in front of the penis. This may be due to vaginal dryness causing skin abrasions during sexual intercourse.

For his information, pregnancy can still occur if penetration in situations where ejaculation is half the vagina. These factors caused a strong ejaculation can lead sperm into the cervix.

At the same time, relatives can also consult with the fertility specialist where semen examination can be performed to determine the level of sperm health and sperm count is in your semen.


source berita harian with Urologist expert Prof Madya Dr Zulkifli Md Zainuddin

Chocolate reduce risk of stroke

image credit to kenali-haslinda

Husband, father, brother or sister you buff brown man? Do not worry, chocolate provide benefits for men who 'love'.

The study, conducted by a team of researchers in Sweden showed men who regularly eat chocolate less risk of stroke.

The study has been published in a journal of neurology, which is more than a decade of research involving more than 37.000 men who like to eat chocolate.

Measures of male chocolate eaten in the study is equivalent to one-third cup filled with chocolate chips.

With regular consumption of padaan measure has reduced 17 percent higher risk of stroke compared to men who did not eat chocolate.

This is not the first study to indicate the benefits of chocolate on the human cardiovascular health.

Previously many other studies show chocolate aficionados have lower risk of system-related diseases such as heart disease, stroke and high blood pressure.

"What these chocolate fan to reduce the risk of stroke is the flavonoid content in it," said Susanna Larsson, a researcher from the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, who is also head of the research involved.

Larsson also made the same study last year against women and also found the same results.

According to the study, is a flavonoid compounds that act as antioxidants.

It has a very good effect on blood pressure, cholesterol and blood vessel function.

In the study, the range of Swedish men aged 49 to 75 years reported eating as usual and also eat chocolate as their side food.

After 10 years of monitoring, only 1.995 of the total number of men involved in the study suffered a stroke for the first time.

Larsson's research group also lists other factors involved in their study such as weight, diet, and whether they have high blood pressure or otherwise.

"Although the factors mentioned above have been taken into account but men who eat a lot of chocolate to get a 17 percent reduction in the risk of stroke," he said.

Meanwhile, a researcher, Richard Libman, who is also Vice Chairman of the Department of Neurology at Cushing Neuroscience Institute Manhasset, New York, the United States said, flavonoids are not only found in chocolate or even other foods such as apples, broccoli, soybeans, tea and nuts.

"But the facts found above does not mean people can eat chocolate anytime.

"Consider the negative effects of chocolate consumption such as obesity and type 2 diabetes," she said.

source Utusan

Healthy lifestyle to avoid piles

image credit to Bupa

A woman who has just given birth suffer from hemorrhoids from getting worse when pregnant and had a normal delivery. The woman suffering from piles for large presses intestinal contents and cause constipation.

After delivery, buasirnya worse. Doctors advised him last piles soaking in warm salt water for 10 to 15 minutes to mengecutkannya.

Consultant General Surgery, Medical Centre Kelana Jaya, Petaling Jaya, Dr. Jonah Azariah said, patients now have healthy and do not need to undergo surgery.

"But if the piles are not terrified, half body surgery done under local anesthesia.

"Usually the surgery using a laser to reduce the pain and the blood," he said when met at his office recently.

Dr. Jonah adding that there was also a physician using staples or staples or rubber band to tie the hemorrhoid to stop the blood flow.

This technique will cause hemorrhoids off on their own within two to four weeks.

"Hemorrhoids or hemorrhoidal disease is a disease that occurs in the anus. It occurs when the blood vessels and swelling around the anus (rectum and anus)," he said.

According to her, hemorrhoids can strike anyone, regardless of age and gender.

"Normally, the early signs occur during straining, especially when constipated stools cause cell swelling superimposed anal canal," he said.

Constipation Dr. Jonah can occur due to infection in the gut, including gastric, those who suffer from constipation since childhood, less dietary fiber, colon cancer and large bowel disease incredible.

"Usually patients piles over 40 years should undergo colon screening to find the cave.

Elastic tissue "A young patient usually suffers from a tumor or cancer and colon preferably checked using the scope," he said.

The probability of those aged between 20 and 50 years are more prone to hemorrhoids but there are also cases of babies suffering from hemorrhoids because of abnormalities in the intestine.

Dr. Jonah said, there are also piles that are not caused by bowel problems but at the end of the intestinal blood vessels are blocked.

"Usually when constipation, patients should be straining every defecation causes the blood back to the heart difficult.

"Blood vessels are clogged and cause swelling of blood elastic tissue loose, thin or missing, causing severe hemorrhoids," he said.

Dr. Jonah said, there are four stages of hemorrhoids. For the first and second stages of the patient can be treated without surgery.

"Patients should take the drug at the right dose for shrinking hemorrhoids, stopping bleeding and bowels," he said.

At level three, usually 10 per cent as a result of hemorrhoids bleeding can not be stopped with medication. Usually hemorrhoids are tied with a rubber band to restrict blood vessels and hemorrhoids are removable in two weeks.

At stage four when the situation worsened, leading to bleeding and pus but elastic tissue remains, surgery should not be carried out.

"However, when the situation is getting worse because of the elastic tissue is lost, surgery should be done," he said.

Dr. Jonah said, hemorrhoids patients should change their lifestyle to stay healthy.

"Patients should be eating well with foods cut out, preferred fiber, drink plenty of warm water and exercise.

"Preferably stop smoking, drink less alcohol and spicy and use the toilet seat," he said.

If the problem recurring hemorrhoids, Dr. Jonah advise patients immediately consult a doctor for further treatment.



reference Utusan

Pap smear prevent cancer

EVERY minute, a woman diagnosed for cervical cancer in the world. Cervical cancer or cervical cancer can cause the entire uterus removed and cause the woman can not be pregnant anymore.

Even the delayed detection can be life-threatening due to the severity of the cancer which is the second highest killer of women in Malaysia after breast cancer!

Cervical cancer can happen to any woman ever have sex even once no matter the age and lifestyle as it is caused by human papillomavirus infection (HPV) during intimate contact.

Ironically, cervical cancer can be prevented with early detection through pap smear but women give a thousand and one excuses to avoid doing the test that could save this life.

Shame among their main reasons. For them, belly and show the private parts in front of the doctor in conscious is something that is very embarrassing.

Some even imagine the doctor inserts act like a spatula tool uterine wall then dig them as something very painful and then choose to submit only the likelihood of developing cervical cancer.

Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist Prince Court Medical Centre, Dr. Paul Tay Yee Siang said Malaysians still lack awareness about the importance of doing a pap smear on the ground such as shame and fear.

"Some feel they are too young to get cancer when it has no regard to age and test it also helps to save lives because it can detect the abnormal tissue or infected with HPV and the potential to become cancerous from the beginning.

"HPV is a virus that is common and after it is detected through pap smear, it can be cured with regular treatments to prevent it getting worse then turn into cancer.

"Many people do not have to do a pap smear and cervical cancer detection later suffered and unfortunately it was too late to save his life," he said.

What is a pap smear Pap smear is also known as the Papanicolaou test created by Dr.. Georgios Papanikolaou (1883-1962).

Some tissue taken from the base of the cervix when the test was done and the tissue is sent to a laboratory to detect the abnormal tissue and potentially become cancerous.

Cervical cells usually do not turn into cancer cells overnight. Normal cells will change, over time, ranging from two to 10 years before becoming a cancer cell.

Pap smear regularly have the opportunity to detect potential cells become cancer cells and early treatment provides opportunities for us to heal.

During the procedure pap smear, the doctor can also detect polyps and infections.

Dr. Bright pap smear procedure. Paul, about five minutes it takes to undergo the test and it is not painful as it is often described only have a little discomfort.

The doctor will insert a speculum which is a device like a duck beak into the uterine route (through the vagina) and then put the brush 'cyto' into it.

Brush 'cyto' small is used to scrape some tissue on the cervix to rotate 360 ​​degrees, and the cells were placed in a special bottle and sent to the laboratory.

"If normal, she may repeat the Pap smear test again in the next one to two years and if not normal, then follow-up testing is required.

"We hope to detect early changes in the level of such lesions because the virus can turn into cancer within 10 years," he said.

He added that up to 80 percent of women infected with HPV will in their lives and it depends on whether the immunity it will remain and get worse or go away so easily.

Who needs a pap smear As described, the woman who had sex should undergo pap smear especially those aged 20 to 65 years every two years.

If the first test result is normal, women can be reduced to three years.

Pap smears should be done routinely because it could happen again in the period as long as there is sex.

An estimated four out of five sexually active women are infected with HPV during their lifetime even if they only have one or two pairs only.

More frightening when often no symptoms or signs of cervical cancer in the early stages of the period also able to treat them.

"Most at risk are those who have very active sex. In most western countries, these tests normal and about the campaign conducted in earnest," he said.

Strictly speaking, a woman in Malaysia to take the initiative to do pap smear as a precautionary measure.

Do not worry because it is relatively simple and it is done by a trained doctor!

source Utusan

Incredible orgasm

The Sun newspaper reported on the New Jersey woman aged 44 who suffered from the condition rarely occurs that achieve orgasm or orgasm is up to 100 times a day.

Diagnosed with persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD) or the rise of sensual repetitive, Kim Ramsey, a nurse said to have sat on the bag of frozen peas on reaching climax non-stop for four days.

Media and readers reacted to this by playing the Ramsey problem words that carry two meanings, "Again?" New York Post seems to complain about that, "some girls get all the fun."

Despite the excitement of others to make a joke, for Ramsey's own situation is not something to be laughed at.

"People who do not understand this problem assume Multiple orgasms a blessing but I all the time in pain.

"Unfortunately, not much can be done in terms of medicine at this time, but most doctors only consider my situation as hypersexsuality or overpowering sexual power," he said.

Gynecologists and founder of the Institute for Women in Pain in Pennsylvania, Dr. Robert Echenberg said women like Ramsey often misunderstood or underestimated diagnosis by a gynecologist, who will ask them thankfully better than the girls who fail to achieve orgasm or orgasm.

"The doctor is not treating patients involved," he said.

GangguanNeuropsikiatri who is also PGAD, Dr. Marcel Waldinger Ramsey compares with a "toothache in the wrong place."

According Echenberg, PGAD should be included in the context of chronic pelvic pain - issues experienced at one time by 20 per cent of women in the productive age.

This phenomenon is introduced into the medical world in a study in 2001 by Sandra Leiblum, the founder of modern sex therapy.

Waldinger and other experts since then formulate PGAD as neurological problems caused by pudendal nerve cells are important senses that trigger lust.

According to Waldinger, PGAD grow when the nerve is compressed and began to strike at random, causing the clitoris dorsal nerve (DNC) her first pacemaker.

As a result, women who suffer with this nervous all the time on the verge of sensual experience.

In exceptional circumstances, a slight touch or movement on the private parts quickly makes them excited.

Not only will it cause them to be uncomfortable when in the boardroom or in the public transport, it affects their sex life: as peak orgasm should be a source of suffering sexual favors.

"The Rise of the ongoing lust certainly upsetting and painful even makes her angry," Waldinger said.

In addition, frozen peas, is another remedy for women who are tired and their genital apparatus outcry? Some drugs may be able to reduce the sensation but for now, no effective long-term treatment.

For Ramsey, there is nothing he can do except pray more women who feel they have PGAD doctors to appear before the medical world could give serious attention to this problem.

- source Newsweek 10 September 2012.